Information Source Links. Healthy Food. Nutritional Related Diseases. Insect Transmitted Diseases. Zoonotic Diseases. Introduction - What are zoonoses? How people get infected: transmission, risk factors Impact of zoonoses on daily life How to prevent occurrence of zoonotic diseases Examples of zoonoses Corona Pandemic Challenges of controlling zoonotic diseases.
Introduction to Hygiene and Sanitation How does poor sanitation lead to health problems? Hand washing with soap and water Planning for sanitation Toilet Choice. Email this page. Illnesses caused by germs and worms in feces are a constant source of discomfort for millions of people. These illnesses can cause many years of sickness and can lead to other health problems such as dehydration, anemia, and malnutrition. Severe sanitation-related illnesses like cholera can spread rapidly, bringing sudden death to many people.
Signs of illness c The Hesparian Sanitation How germs spread disease Many illnesses are spread from person to person by germs. Germs are tiny living things that cause sickness. Sometimes it is easy to know where germs are - in feces, rotting foods, and other dirty places. But sometimes, germs are in places that look and smell clean. Germs can pass directly from person to person through touch, and sometimes through the air with dust or when people cough or sneeze.
They can spread through food and drinking water. Or they can be carried by flies and animals. Germs that cause diarrhea travel on these paths:. Important: washing hands c The Hesparian Sanitation. Bladder and kidney infections. Infections of the bladder and kidney are caused by germs. These infections are much more common in women than in men because germs can easily get into the body through the urinary opening near the vagina.
Infections of the urinary system can be mild or severe and even life-threatening. Causes of bladder infections Germs can enter the urinary opening and cause infection when a woman:.
A girl or woman of any age - even a small baby - can get an infection of her urine system. Kidney infections are more serious than bladder infections because the kidney can get so sick that it stops working. While plenty of water, herbal remedies, or sulfa drugs usually cure a urinary tract infection, a kidney infection often needs more treatment.
If you have the signs of a kidney infection, see a health worker right away. Woman feeling unwell c The Hesparian Sanitation. Diarrhea and dehydration. Harmful to community health and well-being, open defecation can also undermine individual dignity and safety — especially for girls and women.
When forced to travel greater distances from home to reach adequate hygiene facilities, girls are women are put at greater risk of violence. UNICEF is on the ground in more than countries to provide safe sanitation for the world's most vulnerable communities in rural and urban areas, and during emergencies. We mobilize communities, build markets for sanitation goods and services, and partner with governments to plan and finance sanitation services.
In emergencies, UNICEF provides urgent relief to communities and nations threatened by disrupted services and the risk of disease outbreak. We also support innovation in sanitation; improving sanitation technology; ensuring basic toilets are affordable, accessible and safe; and finding effective, sustainable solutions for sanitation challenges that harm children. Many countries are off track to end open defecation by We support governments through community- and market-based approaches in rural areas and in urban slums, where most people defecating in the open live.
Communities are encouraged to carry out an analysis of existing defecation patterns and to use local resources to build low-cost household toilets and ultimately eliminate the practice.
During a global pandemic, washing your hands can protect you and your loved ones. Tips for teachers to protect themselves and their students. Lack of WASH exacerbates the marginalization of females by locking them into a cycle of poverty and drudgery, with wider consequences for society and national economies. Girls in Kuma Garadayat, North Darfur, celebrate the inauguration of their new school.
For children who are in school, the situation may be no better than at home: globally, around a third of schools have no safe water supply or adequate sanitation, leaving children dehydrated and less able to concentrate, and forcing pupils to use inadequate latrines or go to the toilet outside in the school grounds. For adolescent girls, the presence of a safe water supply and clean, functioning, private toilet facilities can be the difference between dropping out and getting an education.
Furthermore, hygiene education at school can begin a lifetime of better health for all children. Handover of solar-powered water pump to local community to the community of Gormoyok village in Rejaf Payam in South Sudan. Welcome to the United Nations. UN-Water The benefits of having access to an improved drinking water source can only be fully realized when there is also access to improved sanitation and adherence to good hygiene practices.
Beyond the immediate, obvious advantages of people being hydrated and healthier, access to water, sanitation and hygiene — known collectively as WASH — has profound wider socio-economic impacts, particularly for women and girls. Current situation Today, 2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water services and 3.
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