What are the two types of Appositives? Appositive can be two types- Restrictive essential or non-restrictive non-essential appositive. Restrictive Appositive: When an appositive is needed in a sentence and it renames a noun or pronoun which is general, then it is referred as an essential or restrictive appositive.
What are some examples of Appositives? For example, 'yellow house,' 'high school teacher,' and 'the large dog' are all noun phrases. Here is an example of a sentence using a one word appositive to rename another noun.
My best friend, Sammy, lives in Cleveland. How do you identify Appositives? An appositive phrase is always right next to the noun it describes. Appositive phrases can come at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence. Most times an appositive phrase comes after its noun, but sometimes it comes before.
How do you tell if a word is a preposition? Identifying prepositions and prepositional phrases To identify the prepositional phrase, you should first find the preposition. Do Appositives need commas? Some appositives require commas and others don't. The following participial phrase describes the noun bear :.
Grunting and snuffling noisily , the bear reached on tiptoe for our suspended food bags. Above, suspended is a past participle form functioning as an adjective. Below, frozen and making introduce participial phrases:. Frozen in anticipation , our muffled breath making scarcely a sound , we watched the bear ascend the tree toward the ropes. Frozen in anticipation modifies the pronoun we. Making scarcely a sound , on the other hand, modifies breath.
Muffled is a participial adjective also describing breath. Infinitive phrases are nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. An infinitive is the root, or simple, form of a verb preceded by to : to expect , to enroll , to have thought. Because to is a common preposition, infinitives are often mistaken for prepositional phrases, which they are not. They can play many roles in a sentence--noun, adjective, or adverb.
In the following examples, infinitive phrases are used as nouns--in this case subject and direct object, respectively:. To watch the bear toss our things around was distressing. We tried to signal our friends on Half Dome with a text message , but failed. On the other hand, the following infinitive phrase is used as an adjective to modify plans:.
Our plans to continue on to Tuolumne Meadows changed suddenly once we lost our food supplies. The following infinitive is an adverb phrase modifying the verb will use adverbs answer the questions when , where , how , and why :. Next time, to prevent the loss of our food cache , we will use bear canisters instead. Without the appositive, the sentence would be, "The popular US president was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches. Here we put commas around the appositive because it is not essential information.
Without the appositive, the sentence would be, "John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches. Here we do not put commas around either appositive because they are both essential to understanding the sentence. Without the appositives, the sentence would just be John Kennedy was quite different from John Kennedy.
We wouldn't know what qualities of John Kennedy were being referred to without the appositive. General Writing Grammar. In Structure items. In addition, the noun that the appositive refers to or other parts of the main clause may be missing. A which one B it was one C one D was one Choice A is incorrect; there is no verb in the relative clause.
Choice B has no connecting word to join the clause to the rest of the sentence. Choice D is incorrect because a verb cannot be used in an appositive phrase.
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